Colonoscopy is a diagnostic and preventive medical procedure used to examine the inner lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It allows doctors to identify abnormalities such as inflammation, ulcers, polyps, bleeding, and early signs of colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy plays a critical role in the early detection, diagnosis, and prevention of colorectal diseases.

What is a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is performed using a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope, equipped with a camera and light at its tip. The instrument is gently inserted through the rectum to visualize the entire colon. During the procedure, tissue samples (biopsies) can be taken, and polyps can be removed if required.

Indications for Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy may be advised for:

• Colorectal cancer screening

• Rectal bleeding assessment

• Constipation or persistent diarrhea

• Abdominal pain that is not explained

• Anemia due to iron deficiency

• Change in bowel habits

• Monitoring inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

• Monitoring of previously identified polyps

Symptoms and Indications That Call for a Colonoscopy

If a patient has any of the following, a colonoscopy might be advised:

• Stools containing blood

• Chronic cramping or pain in the abdomen Weight loss that is not explained changes in bowel habits over time

• Unexplained weight loss

• Ongoing bowel habit changes

• Chronic fatigue due to anemia

Conditions Diagnosed by Colonoscopy

• Colorectal polyps

• Colorectal cancer

• Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease

• Diverticulosis and diverticulitis

• Colonic strictures

• Intestinal bleeding sources

• Infections or inflammation

Preparation for Colonoscopy

An accurate examination requires proper bowel preparation.

• Dietary Restrictions: 24 hours prior to the procedure, follow a clear liquid diet.

• Bowel Preparation: Use laxatives or a bowel-cleansing solution as directed.

• Medication: Let the doctor know about any diabetes drugs, blood thinners, or supplements.

• Fasting: Avoid solid food as directed prior to the procedure.

Methodology

• The colonoscope is advanced through the colon after being inserted through the rectum.

• To increase visibility, air or carbon dioxide is added.

• If polyps are discovered, they may be removed during the same process.

• Usually, the process takes 20 to 40 minutes.

After-Procedure Care

• Observation: A brief recuperation time before the sedation wears off

• Diet: Normal diet can usually be resumed the same day

• Activity: Light activities permitted; driving should be avoided for 24 hours

• Results Discussion: Findings are explained after the procedure or during follow-up

Recovery

Most patients recover quickly and can return to normal activities within a day. Mild bloating or gas discomfort may occur temporarily.

Possible Risks (Rare)

• Bleeding, especially after polyp removal

• Perforation of the colon

• Reaction to sedation

• Infection

Colonoscopy is a safe procedure when performed by experienced specialists.

Colonoscopy's Significance in Cancer Prevention

By detecting and eliminating precancerous polyps before they develop, colonoscopy is one of the best methods for preventing colorectal cancer. Frequent screening dramatically lowers the death rate from cancer.

When Is a Colonoscopy Necessary?

• Regular screening beginning at age 45–50

• If colorectal cancer runs in the family, early screening

• As recommended for high-risk conditions or symptoms

Why Opt for a Colonoscopy at Yatharth Hospital?

Experienced gastroenterologists at Yatharth Hospital use cutting-edge endoscopic equipment to perform colonoscopy procedures. From preparation to recovery, we guarantee patient comfort, precise diagnosis, and all-encompassing care