Coronary Angioplasty

Coronary Angioplasty Surgery in Noida, Delhi NCR, India

Overview

Coronary angioplasty, also called Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat narrowed or blocked coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup. This buildup restricts blood flow to the heart, potentially leading to chest pain (angina) or heart attacks (myocardial infarction). The goal of angioplasty is to restore normal blood flow, relieve symptoms, and reduce the risk of future heart complications.

Who is a Candidate for Angioplasty?

Angioplasty is recommended for:

• Patients with significant coronary artery blockages causing symptoms or limiting daily activities.
• Individuals in good general health without conditions that may increase surgical risks.
• Emergency cases, such as patients experiencing a heart attack.
• Those at risk of future heart attacks who need intervention to improve blood flow.

Preparing for Coronary Angioplasty

• Medical History & Testing – The cardiologist will review the patient’s medical history, allergies, and medications, followed by diagnostic tests like ECG, blood tests, stress tests, and angiograms.
• Lifestyle Adjustments – Patients are advised to quit smoking before and after the procedure for at least six weeks.
• Medication Guidelines – Some medications may be adjusted before the procedure; patients should follow their doctor's instructions, especially regarding blood thinners like aspirin.
• Pre-Procedure Instructions – The medical team will provide detailed guidelines regarding fasting, hydration, and hospital admission.

How is Coronary Angioplasty Performed?

The patient receives local anesthesia to numb the insertion site. A thin catheter is inserted through a small incision, typically in the groin or wrist, and guided to the blocked artery using imaging technology. A balloon at the catheter’s tip is inflated to widen the narrowed artery and restore blood flow. In many cases, a stent (a small metal mesh tube) is placed to keep the artery open and prevent re-narrowing. The balloon is deflated, the catheter is removed, and the incision is closed with surgical glue or sutures. The patient is monitored post-procedure to ensure stability.

Types of Coronary Angioplasty

Balloon Angioplasty

A catheter with a small balloon is inserted into the artery and inflated to compress plaque against the artery walls, widening the blood vessel and restoring blood flow.

Balloon Angioplasty with Stenting

Involves inserting a stent into the artery to keep it open after the balloon is deflated and removed. The stent remains in place permanently to prevent restenosis (re-narrowing).

Drug-Eluting Stents (DES)

Stents coated with medication to reduce the risk of restenosis. These stents release a drug over time to prevent the artery from narrowing again.

Rotablation (Rotational Atherectomy)

A specialized catheter with a diamond-coated rotating tip grinds away hardened plaque inside the artery, clearing the blockage and improving blood flow.

Cutting Balloon Angioplasty

A balloon catheter equipped with small blades is used to cut through tough plaque deposits before inflating the balloon to open the artery.

Risk Factors Associated with Angioplasty

While serious complications from angioplasty are uncommon, all medical procedures carry some risks. The likelihood of complications is generally low, though this can vary based on individual health conditions. Some possible risks include:

• Complications from anesthesia
• Blood vessel damage
• Heart-related complications
• Blood clot formation
• Re-narrowing of the artery (restenosis)
• Poor wound healing
• Chest discomfort
• Allergic reactions to the contrast dye used in imaging.
• Recurrence of artery narrowing if a stent is not placed.

The chances of experiencing complications may be higher in older individuals or those with multiple blockages, kidney disease, or heart failure.

When is Heart Angioplasty Recommended?

Angioplasty is typically performed for atherosclerosis, a condition where fatty plaques build up in the arteries. It is advised when:

• Medications and lifestyle changes fail to control symptoms.
• Blood flow to the heart is significantly restricted.
• There’s a risk of heart attack or worsening angina.
• It is required as an emergency intervention after a heart attack.

For complex cases involving multiple artery blockages, coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended as an alternative.

Recovery After Coronary Angioplasty

• Recovery Time – Most patients recover in 4-6 weeks, depending on their overall health and lifestyle.
• Activity Restrictions – Avoid heavy lifting, strenuous activities, and driving for a few days.
• Medications – Follow prescribed medications, including blood thinners, to prevent complications.
• Follow-up Appointments – Regular checkups are essential to monitor heart health and ensure proper healing.
• Lifestyle Changes – A heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking are crucial for long-term success.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What is the difference between angioplasty and stenting?
A: Angioplasty is the process of opening a blocked artery with a balloon, while stenting involves placing a metal mesh tube to keep the artery open permanently.

Q: What are the risks of angioplasty?
A: Though rare, complications can include bleeding, arrhythmias, artery damage, kidney issues, heart attack, or stroke. Risk factors increase with age, diabetes, or extensive heart disease.

Q: How long does a stent last?
A: Most stents last a lifetime, but lifestyle changes and medication adherence are essential to prevent complications.

Q: Can angioplasty be done more than once?
A: Yes, repeat angioplasty may be necessary if the artery narrows again or new blockages form.

Q: How many stents can a person have?
A: The number of stents depends on the patient’s condition. Some individuals may require multiple stents in different arteries.

Q: What are Post-Angioplasty Guidelines?
A: After angioplasty patient should:

• Exercise Regularly as advised by the cardiologist.
• Maintain a Healthy Weight to prevent further blockages. 
• Control Blood Pressure & Diabetes to support heart health. 
• Quit Smoking to prevent artery damage. 
• Follow a Heart-Healthy Diet to reduce cholesterol levels.

Q: What is Stent Heart Angioplasty Surgery?
A: A stent is a small, wire-mesh tube designed to support a coronary artery and keep it open. Typically made of metal, it is a permanent fixture within the artery. During the angioplasty procedure, a balloon catheter, guided by a thin wire, delivers the stent to the blocked artery. Once positioned, the balloon is inflated, causing the stent to expand and secure itself against the artery walls. Afterward, the balloon is deflated and removed, while the stent remains in place to maintain proper blood flow.

Why Choose Yatharth Hospitals for Coronary Angioplasty?

• Experienced Cardiology Team – Highly skilled interventional cardiologists with expertise in advanced heart procedures.
• State-of-the-Art Technology – Advanced Cath Labs and minimally invasive techniques for better outcomes.
• Comprehensive Cardiac Care – From prevention to post-treatment rehabilitation, ensuring complete heart care.
• Patient-Centric Approach – Personalized treatment plans tailored to individual needs.

At Yatharth Hospitals, we prioritize your heart health with world-class cardiac care, ensuring the best outcomes for angioplasty and long-term well-being.