Common Cold or Flu

Overview

Influenza and cold have different causative agents but are both respiratory infections. The former is often more dangerous and may cause additional complications. They both require different approaches to treatment and prevention, so understanding their differences is important.

Signs and Symptoms

Common Cold:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sneezing
• Coughing
• Sore throat
• Headache
• Mild body pains
• Low-grade fever (rare

Flu:

• High fever
• Severe body and muscle aches
• Chills and sweats
• Dry cough
• Sore throat
• Fatigue and weakness
• Varying weakness
• Headache
• Nasal congestion or rhinorrhea (less common)
• Eye pain
• Vomiting and diarrhea

​

Diagnosis

Diagnosing the common cold and flu primarily involves a physical examination and review of symptoms. In some cases, rapid flu tests or other diagnostic tests may be used to confirm the presence of the influenza virus. Diagnosis of both common cold and influenza relies primarily on physical examination and symptom review. Other confirmatory diagnostic tests, such as rapid flu tests, may be performed to ascertain the presence of the influenza virus.

Types of Common Cold Viruses

• Rhinovirus: Responsible for almost half of the common cold infections. These are highly contagious and spread via respiratory droplets from infected person through coughing or sneezing.
• Coronavirus: Certain strains of coronaviruses can cause the common cold. These strains are less severe than those causing diseases such as SARS-CoV-2.
• Human Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV): HPIV can lead to various respiratory illnesses, including the common cold, bronchitis, and pneumonia. It is common in children; however, it affects people of all ages.
• Adenovirus: Adenoviruses can lead to a range of illnesses, like the common cold, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and even pneumonia.
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): RSV commonly causes respiratory infections in young children and older adults. The symptoms range from mild cold-like symptoms to more severe respiratory issues like pneumonia.

Treatment

Medication

• Common Cold: Over-the-counter medications can alleviate symptoms. Decongestants, antihistamines, and pain relievers are commonly used.
• Flu: Physician may prescribe Antiviral medications to relieve the severity and duration of symptoms in the early stage. Over-the-counter medications can also help manage symptoms.

Home Remedies

• Take Rest and hydrate properly. 
• Warm liquids, such as soups and herbal teas, help soothe a sore throat and gives relief in congestion.
• Humidifiers and saline nasal sprays relieve congestion.

FAQs

How do you differentiate flu and common cold?

The flu has symptoms like high fever, severe body aches, and extreme fatigue, while a common cold has milder symptoms like a runny nose and sore throat.

When should I see a doctor?

Consult a doctor if you experience severe symptoms, difficulty breathing, chest pain. High risk individuals like pregnant women, elderly, people with chronic conditions, should seek immediate medical attention.

Can you prevent the flu?

Yes, annual flu vaccinations are the most effective way to prevent the flu. Adopt good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and avoid close contact with sick individuals.

How long do the flu symptoms last?

Common cold symptoms may last upto 7-10 days. Flu symptoms can last for 1-2 weeks; fatigue may persist for longer duration.

Is it safe to exercise during the cold or flu?

You may do a mild to moderate physical activity if there is no fever. However, with the flu or more severe symptoms, it’s best to rest until you recover.

Conclusion

It is important to understand the differences between the common cold and the flu to manage the symptoms effectively and take appropriate preventative measures and treatment. If you are having severe symptoms or are at high risk of complications, you should seek medical attention promptly.

For personalized advice and treatment, consult the physician at Yatharth Hospital.