Bile duct cancer, also known as cholangiocarcinoma, is a rare but aggressive form of cancer that originates in the bile ducts. These ducts are responsible for transporting bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver, to the gallbladder and small intestine. The cancer can occur anywhere along the bile ducts, both inside and outside the liver.
The symptoms of bile duct cancer often do not appear until the disease is advanced. Common signs and symptoms include:
Consult a doctor if you experience persistent fatigue, jaundice, or severe abdominal pain. Early diagnosis by a specialist, such as a gastroenterologist, can improve the chances of recovery.
Bile duct cancer develops when DNA changes in cells in the bile duct. These changes then cause the cells to multiply fast or run out of control forming a tumor (a mass of cells). This tumor invades and destroys healthy body tissue.
Bile duct cancer is categorized based on its location in the bile ducts:
Diagnosing bile duct cancer typically involves a combination of tests and procedures:
The following are the types of treatments used to treat bile duct cancer:
Types of surgery used to treat bile duct cancer include:
Radiation therapy uses high-energy waves or radiation to kill cancer cells. The two types of radiation therapy are:
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill and stop the growth of cancer cells. The treatment involves injecting drugs into a vein or muscle, allowing them to enter the bloodstream and reach cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy is often used for advanced bile duct cancer to slow the growth of cancer cells and relieve symptoms.
Targeted therapy focuses on abnormalities within cancer cells. The drugs identify and attack specific types of cancer cells with these abnormalities, causing the cancer cells to die. Often, radiation therapy or chemotherapy is given after surgery to kill any remaining cancerous cells, helping to prevent the spread and recurrence of cancer.
To reduce the risk of bile duct cancer, one can:
Meditation and other complementary therapies can help manage symptoms and improve overall well-being. Techniques such as mindfulness, deep breathing exercises, and guided imagery can reduce stress, anxiety, and pain associated with cancer treatment.
Risk factors include chronic liver disease, bile duct inflammation, certain liver parasites, and genetic conditions like Lynch syndrome.
While there is no sure way to prevent bile duct cancer, reducing risk factors such as maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding alcohol and smoking, and managing underlying liver conditions may help lower the risk.
Most cases are not hereditary. However, some genetic conditions can increase the risk.
Prognosis depends on the cancer stage at diagnosis, location, and overall health. Early detection and treatment improve outcomes.
Clinical trials may be available, offering access to new treatments and therapies. Discuss with your healthcare provider to explore options.
Yatharth Hospital is dedicated to providing comprehensive and compassionate care throughout the process of diagnosing and treating bile duct cancer. Early detection and a combination of conventional and complementary therapies can improve the quality of life for patients.
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