Overview
Peptic ulcers, also known as stomach ulcers, are open sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach and the upper portion of the small intestine. They occur when the thick layer of mucus that protects the stomach from digestive juices is reduced, allowing the digestive acids to eat away at the tissues lining the stomach.
Signs and Symptoms
- Burning stomach pain
- Bloating
- Heartburn
- Nausea or vomiting
- Dark or black stool (due to bleeding)
- Vomiting blood (which may appear red or black)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Appetite changes
Peptic Ulcer: Causes
Possible causes are:
- Too much consumption of alcohol
- H. pylori infection
- Cigarette smoking
- Infection of NSAIDs (painkillers)
Types
- Gastric Ulcers: Occur in the stomach.
- Duodenal Ulcers: Occur in the upper portion of the small intestine (duodenum).
Diagnosis
Diagnosing peptic ulcers typically involves:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: Assessing symptoms and any history of NSAID use or H. pylori infection.
- Laboratory Tests: Stool or breath tests to detect H. pylori infection.
- Endoscopic Procedures: An endoscopy to view the stomach and small intestine, and to take biopsies if necessary.
- Imaging Tests: X-rays or CT scans to look for ulcer-related complications.
Treatment
Medications:
- Antibiotics: To treat H. pylori infection.
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Reduce stomach acid production.
- H2-Receptor Blockers: Decrease acid production.
- Antacids: Neutralize stomach acid.
- Cytoprotective Agents: Protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine.
Lifestyle and Dietary Changes:
- Avoid NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can exacerbate ulcers.
- Limit Alcohol and Caffeine: These can increase stomach acid.
- Quit Smoking: Smoking interferes with the stomach’s protective lining.
- Eat a Healthy Diet: Focus on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Surgery:
- Surgery is rarely needed for peptic ulcers but may be required if the ulcer is unresponsive to medication, bleeding, or causing other complications. Surgical options include:
FAQs
- Q: What causes peptic ulcers? A: The most common causes are H. pylori infection and long-term use of NSAIDs. Stress and spicy foods do not cause ulcers but can worsen symptoms.
- Q: How are peptic ulcers diagnosed? A: Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and tests such as endoscopy.
- Q: Can peptic ulcers heal on their own? A: Some peptic ulcers can heal on their own, but treatment is important to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and eliminate the underlying cause, such as H. pylori.
- Q: Is surgery always necessary for peptic ulcers? A: No, most peptic ulcers can be treated with medications and lifestyle changes. Surgery is considered only when complications arise or other treatments fail.
- Q: How can I prevent peptic ulcers? A: Preventive measures include avoiding NSAIDs, limiting alcohol and caffeine intake, not smoking, managing stress, and eating a balanced diet.
At Yatharth Hospital, our gastroenterology specialists are dedicated to providing comprehensive care for patients with peptic ulcers. We use advanced diagnostic techniques and a personalized treatment approach to manage and treat peptic ulcers effectively, ensuring the best possible outcomes for our patients.